I still have the web/HTML FAQ for the newsgroup rec.antiques.radio+phono and although it is only my first revision of all the good contributors and editors in the past, I hope that it is at least helpful. The FAQ can be accessed under this link or by going to http://www.tgale.net/oradio/index.html with your browser.
 Questions and 
AnswersThis is a link to the odd facts & figures which I have dug up in 
response to questions and answers provided by myself and others. My thanks to 
those who have helped me by providing information for some of the answers. 
Note: e-mail addresses of people concerned here have been clearly 
modified by myself (remove "antibot" from the address concerned) due to the sad 
fact of spammers' activities which have become commonplace in todays' internet 
environment.
 Questions and 
AnswersThis is a link to the odd facts & figures which I have dug up in 
response to questions and answers provided by myself and others. My thanks to 
those who have helped me by providing information for some of the answers. 
Note: e-mail addresses of people concerned here have been clearly 
modified by myself (remove "antibot" from the address concerned) due to the sad 
fact of spammers' activities which have become commonplace in todays' internet 
environment. 
 Safety information for 
this hobby can be found under this link: this is the one section which I 
feel it is my duty to present it here even though it is also covered in the FAQ 
since there are some serious aspects which simply do not regularly arise when 
persuing more modern aspects of an electronics hobby. Whilst I respect the 
inputs from others on this issue, I hope they appreciate my including the 
information on this site.
 Safety information for 
this hobby can be found under this link: this is the one section which I 
feel it is my duty to present it here even though it is also covered in the FAQ 
since there are some serious aspects which simply do not regularly arise when 
persuing more modern aspects of an electronics hobby. Whilst I respect the 
inputs from others on this issue, I hope they appreciate my including the 
information on this site. 
 Buying and Selling 
components, spares and assemblies. Since a considerable number of people 
have mailed me with requests of how to purchase various valve/tube 
components, and I have no commercial interest in dealing in such 
material, I thought I would place some links to businesses which *do* supply 
such stuff as and when I come across them. Please note that these links 
augment the businesses in the FAQ section rather than duplicate them, so 
do also look in the FAQ for more such folks.
 Buying and Selling 
components, spares and assemblies. Since a considerable number of people 
have mailed me with requests of how to purchase various valve/tube 
components, and I have no commercial interest in dealing in such 
material, I thought I would place some links to businesses which *do* supply 
such stuff as and when I come across them. Please note that these links 
augment the businesses in the FAQ section rather than duplicate them, so 
do also look in the FAQ for more such folks. 
 Military and service 
equivalents are tabled under this link; this new section should be of 
assistance to those dealing with old wartime radios especially where a 
commercial valve/tube could be the perfect replacement for an otherwise 
hard-to-find military type. Hopefully our commercial replacement will not have 
to endure any rugged action in the field of battle, either. Both U.S. and 
European service types are included.
 Military and service 
equivalents are tabled under this link; this new section should be of 
assistance to those dealing with old wartime radios especially where a 
commercial valve/tube could be the perfect replacement for an otherwise 
hard-to-find military type. Hopefully our commercial replacement will not have 
to endure any rugged action in the field of battle, either. Both U.S. and 
European service types are included. 
 Valve/tube Substitution 
Hints can be found under this link. I have included these few notes on 
substituting different valve types when the exact original is not available and 
you want to get a set working in the 'same way that a service engineer would 
have done then'. Substitution was normal practice even when it meant changing 
valve bases and/or changing out some components or re-wiring a base, so it's not 
as 'unauthentic' a process as some purists would have you believe it to be... it 
is a question of your own attitude to this aspect of restoration.
 Valve/tube Substitution 
Hints can be found under this link. I have included these few notes on 
substituting different valve types when the exact original is not available and 
you want to get a set working in the 'same way that a service engineer would 
have done then'. Substitution was normal practice even when it meant changing 
valve bases and/or changing out some components or re-wiring a base, so it's not 
as 'unauthentic' a process as some purists would have you believe it to be... it 
is a question of your own attitude to this aspect of restoration. 
 This 
reference will lead you to the FAQ resources which are both on this site (in 
its' own directory, the version which was on the older revision of this site) 
and more recent versions held for the newsgroup rec.antiques.radio+phono.
 This 
reference will lead you to the FAQ resources which are both on this site (in 
its' own directory, the version which was on the older revision of this site) 
and more recent versions held for the newsgroup rec.antiques.radio+phono. 
 Links 
to newsgroups and other sites are to be found under this link, the list is 
by no means complete at this time (remember from the introduction that this is 
the first part of the major update of this site). If you have your own relevant 
site, or know of a useful one that should be included, please e-mail me with the 
URL and I will take a look to see if I should include it in the next part of the 
site update.
 Links 
to newsgroups and other sites are to be found under this link, the list is 
by no means complete at this time (remember from the introduction that this is 
the first part of the major update of this site). If you have your own relevant 
site, or know of a useful one that should be included, please e-mail me with the 
URL and I will take a look to see if I should include it in the next part of the 
site update. 
 The 
first list of valve pin connections and characteristics is available 
under this link. Most of the information is derived from old manufacturers' 
valve/tube listings catalogs and whereas major data such as anode voltage and 
negative control grid voltage, heater/filament voltage and current, and explicit 
function is included, secondary electrode ratings and mutual conductance values 
are omitted since they are not specified in a lot of the catalogs that I used to 
compile this listing. Judging by the number of visits to date however, it has 
still been of use to quite a number of people. It is in pure text format so that 
your browser 'find' button can be used to find a particular tube.
 The 
first list of valve pin connections and characteristics is available 
under this link. Most of the information is derived from old manufacturers' 
valve/tube listings catalogs and whereas major data such as anode voltage and 
negative control grid voltage, heater/filament voltage and current, and explicit 
function is included, secondary electrode ratings and mutual conductance values 
are omitted since they are not specified in a lot of the catalogs that I used to 
compile this listing. Judging by the number of visits to date however, it has 
still been of use to quite a number of people. It is in pure text format so that 
your browser 'find' button can be used to find a particular tube. 
 The 
second list of valve pin connections and characteristics is new with 
the update of this site and has many additional valves/tubes (I have tried not 
to duplicate any of those in the first list). Information for this section has 
been derived from more complete data books and valve tester book resources; in 
contrast to the first listing more secondary electrode ratings are included 
together with mutual conductance values where appropriate; however whilst 
heater/filament voltages are quoted, the current is not, mainly since 
many tester books only required the setting of the correct voltage to check the 
valve/tube. Again it is in pure text format so as to be able to use the 'find' 
browser button.
 The 
second list of valve pin connections and characteristics is new with 
the update of this site and has many additional valves/tubes (I have tried not 
to duplicate any of those in the first list). Information for this section has 
been derived from more complete data books and valve tester book resources; in 
contrast to the first listing more secondary electrode ratings are included 
together with mutual conductance values where appropriate; however whilst 
heater/filament voltages are quoted, the current is not, mainly since 
many tester books only required the setting of the correct voltage to check the 
valve/tube. Again it is in pure text format so as to be able to use the 'find' 
browser button. 
 Here you will find a 
few circuit diagrams, with some notations, and information, of typical old 
receivers and amplifiers. I have included them to give an idea of 'where things 
belong' and as a sort of prompt to assist those with limited experience of 
valve/tube circuitry, including the younger ones amongst us (!). It's a 
simplistic section but I do hope it helps some folks, including newcomers of all 
ages.
 Here you will find a 
few circuit diagrams, with some notations, and information, of typical old 
receivers and amplifiers. I have included them to give an idea of 'where things 
belong' and as a sort of prompt to assist those with limited experience of 
valve/tube circuitry, including the younger ones amongst us (!). It's a 
simplistic section but I do hope it helps some folks, including newcomers of all 
ages. 

 You can E-mail the author of these pages 
(Trevor Gale) by using this link. on the 
Dutch Internet service provider XS4ALL.
 You can E-mail the author of these pages 
(Trevor Gale) by using this link. on the 
Dutch Internet service provider XS4ALL. 
